When to Start Flea and Tick Prevention for Puppies

Why Flea and Tick Prevention Is Important

Fleas and ticks are external parasites that cause multiple problems and diseases in both pets and people. The US Centers for Disease Control and many state public health departments maintain detailed tracking information on these pests. All 50 states have reported the presence of fleas and ticks.

Ticks

Ticks can transmit many diseases, including:

• Lyme disease

• Babesiosis

• Ehrlichiosis

• Rocky Mountain spotted fever

• Anaplasmosis

• Southern tick-associated rash illness

• Tick-borne relapsing fever

• Tularemia

• Bourbon virus

• Colorado tick fever

• Heartland virus

• Powassan disease

• Rickettsia parkeri rickettsiosis

• 364D rickettsiosis

Many of these diseases cause anemia, fevers, head and muscle aches, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and loss of appetite. Certain types of ticks are more prevalent in certain areas of the country. Common ticks that carry transmissible diseases in the United States include:

• American dog tick

• Black-legged tick

• Brown dog tick

• Gulf Coast tick

• Lone Star tick

• Rocky Mountain wood tick

• Western black-legged tick

Fleas

Fleas can spread tapeworms to pets and humans. They also can transmit plague, endemic murine typhus, and cat scratch disease. Signs of infection with these diseases can include:

• Fever

• Headache

• Weakness

• Swollen painful lymph nodes

• Nausea

• Vomiting

• Stomach pain

• Diarrhea

If your pet has fleas, you may see flea dirt (flea poop), which looks like dried dark debris, over the tail base of the puppy. Fleas feed on blood, and just one flea on a pet can cause pain and itching, intense hypersensitivity, allergic reactions, and trauma.

Flea and Tick Protection and Prevention

If you are adopting a puppy, protection from and prevention of fleas and ticks is very important for both you and your pup. There are many safe and effective products that can prevent or treat flea and tick infestations. Understanding some of the science behind flea and tick parasites, and the differences between them, may help as you consider starting a puppy on flea and tick preventives. For example:

• Fleas and ticks have different life cycles: egg, larval, and adult for fleas, nymph, larval, and adult for ticks.

• Male and female adult ticks of the same species may look different.

• Different medications prevent one or multiple stages of the parasite or have been proven effective in treating the parasite.

• Since tick species vary by region of the country, location may be a factor in your choice of medication.

Since these pests live in the environment all around us and can be continuously carried by wildlife, it is important to treat all pets in your household (both dogs and cats) and the environment at the same time. Treatment of the environment includes:

• Using products made to kill/control pests

• Trimming bushes and shrubs

• Cleaning up leaves and excess debris

• Limiting standing/stagnant water

• Minimizing wildlife exposure

• Removing wood piles near your home

Does My Puppy Need to Be on a Flea and Tick Preventive?

Even if puppies are primarily indoor pets, most go outside for potty breaks. A small number of pups are  trained indoors with potty pads, but their human family members and fellow pets can still bring fleas and ticks into the house. This means all pups can be exposed to parasites.

Some internal parasites (such as roundworms) can be passed to puppies both in the mother’s placenta and in the milk when nursing—all before a pup is adopted and enters a new home.

A number of these internal parasites are zoonotic, meaning they are transmissible to humans. Many flea and tick preventives contain internal parasite preventives, so this is an added benefit for new puppies and their human companions.

If your new pup comes home to you already infested with fleas and/or ticks, a treatment medication may be prescribed to eliminate the pests before maintenance with a preventive is introduced.

Considerations to discuss with your vet when choosing flea and tick prevention include:

• Most convenient dosing method

  • Oral tablets or chews

  • Topical products

  • Collar

• Number and type of other pets in the home

• Young children or immunocompromised family members living in the home

• Outdoor environment of the home

• What your puppy’s lifestyle will ultimately include

  • Dog shows

  • Agility

  • Hunting

  • Water sports

• Age and weight of your puppy at adoption

• Overall health status of your puppy

First-time puppy owners should keep in mind that even though there is an expense with prevention, this is the best strategy to lower the risk of disease, which would be much more costly to treat. Lapses in prevention can lead to drug-resistant fleas and ticks on your pet.

Types of Flea and Tick Prevention for Puppies

Many products contain combinations of drugs and chemicals to protect against multiple parasites. As you discuss your needs and individual situation with your veterinarian, keep in mind that certain dog breeds can have drug sensitivities. A common example is a genetic mutation in some collies, sheepdogs, and collie or sheepdog crossbreeds that makes them sensitive to the drug ivermectin.

Safe Flea and Tick Products for Puppies

Do not use cat flea and tick products on dogs. Dogs and cats have different metabolisms and process medication differently. Also, weight range and dosing vary depending on the medication strength required between species. Always use a medication that is specifically labeled for dogs and that is the correct weight range for your puppy.

Examples of common types of prescription prevention for puppies include:

• Revolution

  • Type: Topical product, monthly

  • Labeled for:

    • Heartworms (adults)

    • Fleas (adults and eggs)

    • Ticks (American dog)

    • Ear mites

    • Sarcoptic mange

• Credelio

  • Type: Oral product, monthly

  • Labeled for:

• Fleas (adults)

• Ticks (Lone Star, American dog, black-legged, brown dog)

• Simparica Trio

  • Type: Oral product, monthly

  • Labeled for:

    • Heartworms (adults)

    • Intestinal parasites (Roundworms and hookworms)

    • Fleas (adults)

    • Ticks (Lone Star, Gulf Coast, American dog, black-legged, brown dog)

• Advantage Multi

  • Type: Topical product, monthly

  • Labeled for:

    • Heartworms (adults and microfilaria)

    • Fleas (adults)

    • Intestinal parasites (roundworms, hookworms, whipworms)

    • Sarcoptic mange

• Sentinel Spectrum

  • Type: Oral product, monthly

  • Labeled for:

    • Heartworms (adults) 

    • Fleas (eggs)

    • Intestinal parasites (roundworms, hookworms, whipworms, tapeworms)

Maintain A Schedule for Your Puppy’s Flea and Tick Prevention

Many flea and tick treatments are given monthly. It is important to give each dose around the same time each month, so pick a day that you can remember or set a reminder on your phone.

Always check the specific label instructions for dosing. There are some products that can last up to 12 weeks before needing to re-dose. Some products are best given with food; others can be given on an empty stomach. Some products are topically applied; with those, the pup should not be bathed or go swimming for 48 hours after application.

FAQs

At what age can you start flea treatment on a puppy?

If your puppy is less than 4 weeks old, do not use any products. Simple bathing and regular combing will remove adult fleas. Isolate your pup from other pets. Only apply products that are specifically labeled for your pet’s age and size. Capstar is a product that is labeled for puppies and kittens at least 4 weeks old and weighing at least 2 pounds.

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At what age can you start flea preventives on a puppy?

Revolution is a product that has dosing available for puppies at least 6 weeks of age and weighing less than 5 pounds. Again, only apply products that are specifically labeled for your pet’s age and size.