Fly Biting in Dogs: Causes and What To Do About It

If you’ve noticed your pet snapping at the air as if trying to catch imaginary flies, they may be exhibiting a behavior known as fly biting in dogs. While it can be concerning to see, dogs generally respond well to treatment once a veterinarian identifies the underlying cause. 

In this article, you’ll learn about everything pet parents should know about fly biting in dogs, including why it occurs, common signs, and how a veterinarian may diagnose and treat the condition. 

What Is Fly Biting in Dogs?

Fly biting in dogs refers to sudden episodes of snapping at the air that may occur occasionally or in repeated episodes. It can look as though a dog is trying to catch imaginary flies.  

Fly biting is often a sign of an underlying issue that should be investigated by a veterinarian.  

What Causes Fly Biting in Dogs?

Medical Causes 

Fly biting in dogs can result from several underlying medical conditions, including:  

• Focal seizures (partial seizures): These occur because of abnormal electrical activity within the brain and may cause involuntary movements, such as snapping at the air.  

• Gastrointestinal disorders, such as acid reflux: Acid reflux and other gastrointestinal problems can cause discomfort that may contribute to fly-biting behavior.  

• Genetics: Some breeds appear to be predisposed to fly biting, including the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel.  

Behavioral Causes 

Behavioral causes of fly biting in dogs may include: 

• Compulsive disorders: A dog may begin fly biting as a compulsive behavior and repeatedly perform it. 

• Anxiety or stress: Some dogs may begin fly biting as a coping mechanism when they feel stressed or anxious. 

• Learned attention-seeking behavior: If a pet parent gives their dog attention during a fly-biting episode, the dog may repeat the behavior to receive attention again. 

Symptoms of Fly Biting in Dogs

Signs of fly biting in dogs include the following:  

• Snapping repeatedly at the air  

• Staring at or tracking invisible objects 

• Sudden head movements 

• Extending the neck upward 

• Changes in behavior or awareness 

• Signs of discomfort, such as pacing or whining 

When Should You Call Your Veterinarian?

If you think your dog is exhibiting fly-biting behavior, contact your veterinarian for guidance.  

Seek prompt veterinary care if:  

• The behavior begins suddenly. 

• Episodes become more frequent or severe. 

• The episodes are accompanied by other neurological signs. 

• Your dog appears distressed or disoriented. 

How Veterinarians Diagnose Fly Biting

Diagnosing fly biting typically involves a combination of diagnostic tests and a complete medical and behavioral history.  

Your veterinarian will ask when the episodes began, how often they occur, how long they last, and whether there have been any recent changes to your dog’s lifestyle, health, or behavior.  

Recording a video of an episode can also help your veterinarian understand what is happening.   

Diagnostic testing may include:  

• Physical examination: Your veterinarian will perform a head-to-tail examination of your dog to identify any abnormalities, such as abdominal pain or discomfort, that may be contributing to the behavior. 

• Neurological evaluation: Your veterinarian may observe your dog’s behavior and gait, check their reflexes, and evaluate cranial nerve function for abnormalities.  

• Blood work: A comprehensive blood panel may be performed to evaluate your dog’s blood cell counts and internal organ function and to help rule out other health concerns. 

• Imaging: X-rays, ultrasound, CT, or MRI may be recommended to look for underlying medical conditions, such as a gastrointestinal or neurological disorder, that may be contributing to your dog’s symptoms.  

Treatment for Fly Biting in Dogs

Treatment for fly biting in dogs focuses on the underlying cause and may include medication, dietary changes, or behavioral management.  

Medical Treatment 

Medical treatment may include: 

• Anti-seizure medications, such as levetiracetam, to help control seizure activity 

• Gastrointestinal medications, such as famotidine or omeprazole, to reduce stomach acid and address nausea and discomfort 

• Dietary changes, such as feeding a veterinary gastrointestinal diet like Royal Canin Gastrointestinal Food, to support digestive health  

Always give medications and make dietary changes only as directed by your veterinarian.  

Behavioral Management 

Behavioral treatment may include: 

• Behavioral-modifying medications, such as fluoxetine, to help reduce anxiety or other behavioral changes 

• Behavior modification training to reinforce positive behaviors and reduce undesirable behaviors  

• Environmental enrichment, such as puzzle toys, to provide mental stimulation and reduce boredom 

A qualified trainer, veterinary behaviorist, or other veterinary professional can help develop an appropriate behavior plan for your dog. 

Can Fly Biting in Dogs Be Prevented?

Not all cases of fly biting can be prevented, particularly those related to genetics or underlying neurological conditions. However, for cases that are preventable, pet parents may be able to reduce the risk of these episodes by:  

• Managing underlying medical conditions and following your veterinarian’s instructions for medications and checkups  

• Reducing stress and anxiety triggers by providing a quiet resting area with a comfortable bed and working with a qualified trainer or veterinary behaviorist when appropriate 

• Providing regular mental and physical stimulation through training, puzzle toys, play, and scent games