Alprazolam (Xanax) for Dogs: Uses, Dosage, and Side Effects

PetMD’s medications content is written and reviewed by veterinary professionals to answer common questions about how medications work, their side effects, and what species they are prescribed for. This content should not replace advice from your veterinarian. 

How It Works

Alprazolam is a controlled substance medication used in veterinary medicine to help relieve anxiety, panic, and fear in dogs.  

It’s typically used short-term for separation anxiety and may be prescribed by veterinarians for specific triggers, including loud noises, like thunderstorms and fireworks, and separation from pet parents. 

Alprazolam is available ​as ​a tablet under the brand name Xanax, as well as in generic tablet form. Other formulations made for humans (such as orally disintegrating tablets, extended-release tablets, and oral solutions) are not used in veterinary medicine. 

Is Alprazolam FDA-Approved for Dogs? 

Alprazolam is currently not FDA-approved for use in dogs. It is, however, commonly used in veterinary medicine, and veterinarians can legally prescribe certain human drugs for animals in specific circumstances. This is known as extra-label or off-label use because this use is not described on the drug label. 

Alprazolam is classified as a DEA Schedule IV controlled substance, which means its prescribing, dispensing, and refilling are regulated by federal and state laws. It’s also illegal to use, share, sell, or give away medication prescribed for your dog. 

Speak with your veterinarian about whether alprazolam is appropriate for your dog. 

What Dogs Should Not Take Alprazolam? 

Studies had not been performed at the time of this publication to evaluate the use of alprazolam in dogs, including contraindications and warnings.  

Before giving your dog any medication or treatment, discuss with your veterinarian your dog’s medical conditions and medications, including vitamins and supplements. 

How Does Alprazolam Work in Dogs? 

Alprazolam is classified as a benzodiazepine sedative medication. It works as a sedative by slowing down and calming the nervous system. 

Directions

• Follow the directions on the drug label or as provided by your veterinarian. 

• Alprazolam is most effective when given 30–60 minutes before the anxiety-inducing event. 

• Ask your veterinarian whether alprazolam should be given with or without food, as studies evaluating how the drug is absorbed in dogs are limited. 

What Happens If You Miss a Dose of Alprazolam? 

Speak with your veterinarian about what to do if you forget to give a dose of alprazolam.  

Generally, your vet may instruct you to give it when you remember, or if it’s almost time for your dog’s next dose, to skip the missed dose and resume your normal dosing schedule. 

Do not give extra or double doses. 

Possible Side Effects

Side effects of alprazolam may include: 

• Grogginess 

• Loss of balance 

• Overexcitement 

• Increased appetite 

Human Safety and Alprazolam Exposure 

Alprazolam is a prescription medication for humans. Humans should never take medication prescribed for pets, and pets should not be given medication prescribed for humans. Dosages and formulations often differ significantly. 

If you accidentally ingest a pet medication, seek medical attention or call Poison Control at 800-222-1222. 

How To Monitor Your Dog on Alprazolam 

Your veterinarian may recommend routine examinations and testing depending on your dog’s individual needs, other medications they may be on, and/or the issue that initially caused your dog to be placed on this medication.  

When To Call Your Veterinarian 

Call your veterinarian if you see any of the following, or if you have additional questions or concerns about the use of alprazolam: 

• Severe side effects  

• Your pet’s condition worsens or does not improve  

• You suspect an overdose 

Overdose Info

A veterinary poison control report of 238 dogs with accidental alprazolam poisoning demonstrated that signs of overdose included:  

• Disorientation 

• ​​Loss of balance​ 

• ​​Sedation​ 

• ​​Hyperactivity​ 

• ​​Vomiting​ 

• Weakness 

• Muscle tremors 

• Vocalization 

• Rapid heartbeat 

• Panting 

• Low body temperature 

• ​​Diarrhea​ 

• Drooling 

If you suspect an overdose, seek emergency veterinary care or contact an animal poison control center. Consultation fees may apply. 

• Pet Poison Helpline: 855-764-7661 

• ASPCA Animal Poison Control: 888-426-4435 

Storage

Keep the following storage tips in mind for this medication: 

• Alprazolam tablets should be stored at controlled room temperature between 68–77 F (20–25 C).  

• Always confirm storage requirements by reading the prescription label. 

• Keep the container tightly closed to protect from moisture and light. 

• Keep out of reach of children and pets.