Equine Herpes Virus in Horses

The herpes virus, much like in humans, affects horses. There are five known subtypes in horses, but Equine Herpes Virus-1 (EHV-1) and EHV-4 are the two severest forms of the virus. EHV-3 is another type of major herpes virus, although it is normally associated with coital exanthema, a venereal disease that can be transmitted to horses.

The different classifications of equine herpes virus affect different systems; one affects the reproductive and neurological systems, whereas another causes respiratory issues. The virus type will also determine the symptoms the horse displays.

Symptoms

The incubation period for the virus depend on the subtype affecting the horse, but it is generally 2 to 10 days, after which the following symptoms may be seen:

• Fever
• Nasal discharge
• Enlarged glands
• Decreased fitness performance
• Miscarriage in pregnant mares
• Weakness in hind legs
• Strange gait

 Neurological issues may occur, such as paralysis or involuntary body movements (ataxia). This is usually in cases of EHV-1.

Causes

There are different ways for the equine herpes virus to spread. In most cases, the herpes virus is contracted through inhalation; nasal discharge is another way to contract it. This virus is notoriously hard to cure, as it has a way of avoiding destruction in the horse's immune system and multiplies quickly.

Diagnosis

A veterinarian can diagnose the equine herpes virus by testing for the presence of one of the EHV subtypes and assessing the horse's symptoms.