Flexural Deformity in Horses

Contracted tendons refers to a condition that is typically seen in very young foals or yearlings. It often occurs as a result of the bones in the leg growing faster than the tendons can grow with them, stretching the tendons taut so that the hoof is lifted partially away from the ground (in contrast to the name given, as it is not believed that the tendons actually contract). However, it can also be a condition that is present at birth, genetically acquired, and is apparent by the second or third day after birth, when it becomes clear that the foal is unable to stand normally.

Although nutrition may be partially to blame for this condition, simple dietary changes are not enough to cure it, and the abnormality is more difficult to reverse as the symptoms progress, so depending on the severity of the deformation, different approaches might be taken toward the condition.

Symptoms and Types

Typically it will affect foals between the ages of six weeks and six months. Those affected will be unable to bear full weight on the affected limb and therefore walk on their toes. Other common signs of contracted tendons include:

• Change to fore or fetlock (i.e., knuckling over)
• Wearing of the toe
• Bruising of the toe
• Hoof appears flattened in front, but dish shaped at the base

Causes

Rapid body growth is a common cause for this deformity. This is because tendons and bones may begin to grow at different rates. Other potential underlying causes include:

• Change in diet
• Position of the horse in utero
• Genetics
• A response to pain in the lower leg or foot

Diagnosis

Although those experienced with horses may be able to diagnose contracted tendon by visual examination alone, it is still important for the affected horse to be seen by an experienced equine veterinarian. X-ray images will show a detailed picture of the exact nature of the deformity, allowing your doctor to determine if the malady can be corrected surgically, and by what surgical method it can best be treated.