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Ameloblastoma in Cats

Ameloblastoma, previously known as adamantinoma, is a rare neoplasm that affects the tooth structures of cats. In most cases it is found to be benign in nature, but a malignant, more highly invasive form is also reported to occur as well. It may affect any tooth structure within the tooth arcade. Ameloblastoma is an extremely rare neoplasm in cats. However, as with many cancers, mostly older cats are affected.

Symptoms and Types

Ameloblastoma is usually benign in nature and remains well localized. You may notice a firm and smooth mass covering in the gingival space. The presence of a mass is usually enough to convince an owner to visit the veterinarian.

Causes

The exact cause is still unknown. It is categorized as idiopathic.

Diagnosis

You will need to give a thorough history of your cat's health and onset of symptoms. Your veterinarian will perform a thorough physical examination on your cat, with a detailed examination of the oral cavity, including the tumor mass. A complete blood profile will also be conducted, including a chemical blood profile, a complete blood count, and a urinalysis. In most cases the laboratory test results are within normal ranges and no abnormality related to this neoplasm is noticed. X-ray images of the skull will be helpful in estimating the penetration of the neoplasm within the bone structures. A computed tomography (CT) scan will give more refined results and will help in initiating the treatment plan for your cat. Often a deep tissue biopsy will be conducted so that a sample of deeply penetrated neoplasm tissue can be examined. In this way your veterinarian can determine if the neoplasm is benign or malignant in nature.