Neurological Virus in Horses

Borna Disease

Borna is a viral disease that occurs in horses (and other warm-blooded animals). It is predominantly a disease found in European and Middle Eastern countries, although it has been seen in the United States. The Borna disease virus (BDV) causes neurological problems and is fatal in many horses.

Symptoms and Types

• Lethargy

• Poor coordination

• Blindness

• Weakness

• Paralysis

• Collapse

• Strange behavior (e.g., head-pressing or found in dark corners)

Causes

Horses will usually contract BDV through contaminated food, although exposure to contaminated saliva or nasal secretions can also lead to infection.

Diagnosis

A battery of tests may be used to diagnose BDV in a horse. Also, this neurological condition can remain incubated for up to three months, so symptoms may have progressed quite far before a diagnosis is made.

Treatment

There is no specific treatment for BDV at this time. However, studies have been conducted to isolate the virus and progress is being made towards better treatment options.

Living and Management

In most cases, BDV is fatal in horses but those who do survive have permanent side effects from this debilitating condition, such as reduced brain function.