Sometimes referred to as horse malaria or swamp fever, Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA) is a virus that does what its name suggests -- causes anemia in horses. EIA has become an endemic in certain parts of the world, but is concentrated in North and South America, the Middle East, Russia, South Africa, and certain parts of Europe.

Symptoms

• Anemia
• Lethargy
• Weight loss
• Fever
• Enlarged spleen
• Swollen belly and legs
• Laziness
• Depression
• Decreased athletic performance
• Death (in some cases)

Cause

EIA is caused by a retro virus and transmitted by bloodsucking insects such as deer flies and ticks. However, the infection can also be spread through contaminated items such as unsterilized needles, syringes, etc.

Diagnosis

Your veterinarian will usually conduct a Coggins test on the suspected animal, which is designed to diagnose EIA in horses.