Rectoanal Polyps in Cats

 

The growth of flap-like protrusions in the cat's anal and rectal walls is a condition referred to as rectoanal polyps. These polyps may be directly attached to the intestinal walls (sessile), or attached through a stalk-like cylindrical connection.

 

Most rectoanal polyps are non-cancerous, and are merely extensions of the innermost tissue lining of the intestinal walls. And while most cases of polyps are usually isolated, there are occasions cats suffer from multiple polyps.

 

The condition described in this medical article can affect both dogs and cats. If you would like to learn how rectoanal polyps affects dogs, please visit this page in the PetMD health library.

 

Symptoms and Types

 

Cats suffering from rectoanal polyps will demonstrate straining or pain while passing stool. The stool may be stained with blood and/or covered with mucus.

 

Causes

 

The exact cause of rectoanal polyps is not clearly known. However, rectoanal polyps are rare in cats, and neither breed nor gender increases the likelihood for contracting this disorder.

 

Diagnosis

 

Your veterinarian will perform a thorough physical exam on your cat, taking into account the history of symptoms and possible incidents that might have precipitated this condition. Some of the common tests include a complete blood count and a urinalysis, which will usually return as normal. Imaging tools, such as X-rays and ultrasounds, are not applicable to this particular diagnosis.

 

Some conditions that may produce symptoms similar to those caused by polyps include abscesses, tumors, inflammation, infection of the intestine, and rectal prolapse. Diagnosis, therefore, is usually made on the basis of a manual rectal examination of the cat by a veterinarian, or by direct visualization of the polyp through the external anal opening.

 

After a polyp is identified, a colonoscopy, using a tubular, flexible camera inserted through the anal opening, may be performed to check for the presence of other polyps. A detailed pathological study of the tissue, as well as the fluid from the polyp, may also be completed.

 

Treatment

 

Surgery is usually indicated for the effective management of polyps. The polyps may be removed through the anal opening, after which the anal opening will be closed with stitches. The same removal surgery may be performed endoscopically, or by using an electrical needle or probe. Some medications that may be prescribed are:

 

• Non-steroidal pain relievers
• Antibiotics (especially before surgery to prevent infection)
• Stool softeners

 

Possible complications include a relapse of the polyps and narrowing of the anal opening due to scarring and/or inflammation.

 

Living and Management

 

Your veterinarian will want to examine the surgical site after 14 days to make sure that the condition has been resolved and the tissue is healing properly. Another examination will be made at three months, and again at six months after surgery. Follow-up examinations will continue twice a year to check for recurrence. Fortunately, cats with single polyps usually do not relapse.