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Perirenal Pseudocysts in Dogs

A perirenal pseudocyst is a capsule of accumulated fluid around the kidney that causes it to enlarge. However, it is not technically a cyst because it lacks a true membrane covering. This condition is rarely seen in dogs and may affect one or both kidneys.

Symptoms and Types

Although most dogs with a perirenal pseudocyst have a nonpainful, enlarged abdomen, some may not display any symptoms (asymptomatic). In severe cases, symptoms of renal failure may manifest.

Cause

Although the exact cause of a perirenal pseudocyst is not completely understood, kidney tumors, surgeries involving the kidney, and certain types of injuries are thought to be factors for developing the capsule.

Diagnosis

You will need to give a thorough history of your dog’s health, including the onset and nature of the symptoms, to your veterinarian. He or she will then perform a complete physical examination, as well a biochemistry profile, urinalysis, and complete blood count (CBC) -- the results of which are normal unless severe renal insufficiency is present.

Imaging studies, including X-rays and ultrasounds, may identify which kidney is affected. Additionally, a fluid sample from around the affected kidney may be taken for further evaluation.

Treatment

Perirenal pseudocysts are usually not life-threatening and some dogs need no treatment whatsoever. Otherwise, the fluid is surgically drained from the capsule, especially when the dog's abdomen is distended. There are also forms of treatment when severe renal diseases are involved.

Living and Management

Regular follow-up examinations (every two to six months) are required to evaluate the progression of the disease and the effectiveness of the treatment. Watch your dog for untoward symptoms, such as increased thirst (polydipsia), blood in urine (hematuria), and weight loss, and inform your veterinarian of them immediately, as they may be signs of renal failure.