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Dr. Coates is a veterinarian based in the other “Sunshine State” – that's Colorado to the rest of you – where she lives and plays with a varied range of animals. She shares her professional and personal experiences, Monday through Friday, here on petMD's blog, the Fully Vetted. Log in for your daily dose of her insight and wisdom.

 

Welcome to the Neighborhood, Ranger ... Whatever You Are

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September 10, 2012 / (8) comments


My neighbors just adopted a new dog from one of our local "no-kill" shelters. His name is Ranger, and he’s about four months old. The first question they asked me after I caught sight of them walking down the sidewalk with him was, "What kind of dog do you think he is?" He didn’t arrive at the shelter with much of a history, and the personnel there were a little vague when asked the same question. I don’t blame them!

Ranger consists of about 12 pounds of black and brown hair, short legs, long body, and a whole lot of energy. I started out my speculations about his parentage by saying, "Terrier cross, definitely some sort of terrier cross."

 

Pretty safe bet considering the American Kennel Club (AKC) recognizes 29 breeds and the United Kennel Club (UKC) 44 breeds of terriers (there is some overlap). My neighbors wanted me to be more specific, however, so after hemming and hawing and watching him dominate my boxer and another neighbor’s pit bull/border collie cross, I stuck out my neck and said, "I don’t know, how about a Jack Russell/Miniature Pinscher cross?"

But really that was just a guess. I don’t have the foggiest idea what breeds have combined to make Ranger, and I’m no worse than most when it comes to determining a mixed-breed dog’s heritage. Research has shown that animal professionals of all types (veterinarians, shelter workers, animal control officers, breeders, groomers, etc.) are terrible at breed identification. For example, one study concluded that fully "87.5% of the dogs identified by an adoption agency as having specific breeds in their ancestry did not have all of those breeds detected by DNA analysis."

My neighbors only wanted to identify Ranger’s breed(s) for interest’s sake. He is now a member of their family no matter his parentage. In some cases, however, determining a dog’s breed is quite literally a life and death judgment. God forbid that in Denver a dog be designated as "an American Pit Bull Terrier, American Staffordshire Terrier, Staffordshire Bull Terrier, or any dog displaying the majority of physical traits of … the above breeds…" (as the statute banning them and calling for their euthanasia in that city reads).

Think you’re better at breed identification than I am? Take a look at the Maddie’s® Shelter Medicine Program website (a part of University of Florida’s College of Veterinary Medicine). There you can compare your guesses regarding the breed make-up of 119 dogs with the combined speculations of over 5,000 dog experts and an evaluation of the dogs’ DNA. It’s a lot of fun. I found dogs 20, 48, 57, and 93 to be especially baffling. And I think I might want a Cocker Spaniel/Boston Terrier/Miniature Pinscher cross — check out dog 38, isn’t he adorable? Come to think of it, he looks a bit like Ranger … maybe it’s the Min-Pin in him.

 

 

Dr. Jennifer Coates

 

 

Image: Dog 38 from Maddie’s Shelter Medicine Program at UF College of Veterinary Medicine

 

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COMMENTS (8)
1
Heritage
by TheOldBroad on 09/10/2012 07:03am

I'd love to have a snappy answer for people who ask what breed mixes my cats might be.

If I say something like "undefined heritage" or even "domestic short hair", some people insist on asking again.

Does anyone have a suggestion?

by KateJazmine on 09/10/2012 04:00pm

I have a funny story about cat breeds that made one person stop and stare. My niece has a little mixed breed kitten that is probably part Siamese and Sealpoint???. She wads practicing with the vegetable based hair color for pets for an upcoming pet parade. She colored parts of the face, tail, and ears a beautiful shade of light pink. We took the cat to the local feed store [they welcome pets on a leash or carrier] to pick up some supplies. This lady comes up, starts admiring the cat, and asked about it's breed. My niece playfully says, "Oh he is a Sealpoint!" The lady says she has never seen one that color and my chi,ed in and sasid "He is a Strawberry Sealpoint - a new breed!". That was it! The lady had to have the breeder's name and phone number because she had to get one right away since it was so beautiful! We all laughed and told her it was vegetable hair coloring that is non-toxic and washes out. The lady just stood there and stared! She said she still wanted a cat that color and walked away wondering if she could find one!

by TheOldBroad on 09/10/2012 07:09pm

I hope that lady never finds a (mythical) pink cat. People like that adopt just because the critter "looks cool" and not because they want to care for a pet for the next 15 or 20 years.

People like that get one of the currently popular breeds and end up tossing them aside in a year or two.

By the way, I've decided that surely I must own a couple of black Siamese. :-)

2
DNA testing
by ASDMarlene on 09/10/2012 11:14am

I don't know why everybody puts so much weight on those DNA tests. They are by no means accurate, they are at best the same wild guess as just looking at a dog and if people knew a bit more about purebred dogs they would be more likely to recognize certain breed characteristics. If the dog pictured is the dog in question, Pug comes to mind, but I think he would need 2 copies of the liver color gene in order to look the way he does and I don't know if that exists in Pugs, it does in Min Pins and Chihuahuas for sure. Not sure about terriers, but Dachshunds probably. I always think it's funny that people get mixed breed dogs and then want to know what purebreds are in the mix of a dog with no background. Diseases are passed on in different breeds via different genes in many if not most cases, thus if for example one breeds two dogs of different breeds with dwarfism together the result are puppies without the disease, only if two dwarfs of the same breed would be bred together will the offspring be dwarfs. The same goes for many other diseases, that's why there are so many breed specific tests for diseases, it's not because the disease does not happen in other breeds, but they have only developed a test that can detect that disease in that one particular breed. And

3
What kind of breed?
by Sunny2000 on 09/10/2012 05:58pm

How good that there are so many people out there who adopt pets!
Is the breed important?

If I was them and someone asked me what kind of dog he is I would just reply "he is a good dog", isn't that the best breed?

Dagmar
www.animalconnection.com.au

4
by wikith on 09/10/2012 09:23pm

I think it's important with these tests to remember that they're identifying genetic markers that are commonly found within a particular breed. Both the percentages and the breeds themselves are to be taken with a grain of salt. Rather than saying, "This dog's purebred ancestors are _____," it is more accurate to say "This dog has genetic markers in common with ________, and they probably shares some genetic heritage." Remember that all breeds were once just mutts that displayed some traits that a person wanted to capture, so the mutts that gave rise to a particular breed may have propagated their genetic material either in other mutts or in other purebreds, albeit at lower rates that he identified breeds.

Hence, you get some that are "no duh," or "makes sense," and some that are, "Do you really expect me to believe Dog 25 is part Entlebucher Mountain Dog, part Bernese Mountain Dog?!" When in reality, maybe he shares some common ancestor and genetic marker with those dogs... back before they became Entlebucher Mountain Dogs and Bernese Mountain Dogs.

5
60 lb red-headed mutt
by KLD on 09/10/2012 11:45pm

That webpage is a blast! 60 lb red-headed mutt is how I often answer the breed question. (Dogs 3, 12, & 100 look somewhat similar to mine.) I also sometimes answer Carolina Dog or ridgeback/shar pei. Other times I used temperament as my guide and say hound/terrier mix. The shelter said Shepard/lab. The DNA test says 50% Am Staff, 25% Chow Chow, and 25% Toy Fox Terrier. The previous comment explains how my dog can have results for such a small breed with the large breeds, because for the life of me, I could not imagine how the mating would work.
My husband say the Maddie's shelter medicine program site and at the first dog thought the site was showing how wrong DNA tests are. Interesting, I thought the site showed the opposite. The site doesn't really say.
I believe my dog does have Chow Chow. It is consistent with both temperament and health issues.

6
DNA Isn't in the 'Heart'
by wind-dancer on 09/11/2012 10:14am

The dogs are all adorable!!! I wanted to look at the photos because I thought it would be fun, but I noticed something I didn't like as soon as I looked at the picture of the first fur-baby...the 'Leash', it looked a bit snug. As I continued to the next photo, again the leash seemed a little snug. I continued on and I stared at each picture intensely and repeatedly, then I realized it wasn't 'Only' one or two or even three particular dogs, all Thier leashes seemed constricted. By no means am I insinuating cruelty, I'm just expressing what caught my attention immediately. Please correct me if I'm way off or if I'm looking at something that isn't there, and please don't be upset with me~~maybe my eyes are playing tricks on me....Peace :)

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About fully vetted

Jennifer Coates, DVM

Photo of Dr Coates

Image credit: Jim Piraino

...graduated with honors from the Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine in 1999. In the years since, she has practiced veterinary medicine in Virginia, Wyoming, and Colorado. She is the author of several books about veterinary medicine and animal care, including the Dictionary of Veterinary Terms: Vet-Speak Deciphered for the Non-Veterinarian. Dr. Coates also writes short stories that focus on the strength and importance of the human-animal bond, and freelance articles relating to a variety of animal care and veterinary topics. Dr. Coates lives in Fort Collins, Colorado with her husband, daughter, and various species of pets.

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