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Dr. Coates is a veterinarian based in the other “Sunshine State” – that's Colorado to the rest of you – where she lives and plays with a varied range of animals. She shares her professional and personal experiences, Monday through Friday, here on petMD's blog, the Fully Vetted. Log in for your daily dose of her insight and wisdom.

Losing Your Cat to Brain Disease

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October 09, 2012 / (4) comments

Dogpeople, a member of our community, recently related the following sad story:

 

We just lost our otherwise perfectly healthy 5-year-old cat to a Brain Tumor. We are still in shock, and I am truly kicking myself for not noticing any changes prior to her pacing and head pressing that came up this Saturday. We rushed her to [the] emergency department where they immediately commented that her eyes were different from each other. She "failed" neurological tests also. By Sunday she was visibly "not in her right mind" and we could not get her comfortable or calm. We euthanized her that day. It was too much to ask to have her wait for an MRI midweek given her condition.

 

What a terrible and tragic case. Of course, I can’t comment specifically on what was going on with this particular cat, but I can point out a few things that are both typical and distinctive about this story.

 

First of all, finding a brain tumor in a five-year-old, otherwise healthy cat is not common. Take a look at my post Brain Tumors in Pets for some basic information. You’ll see there that I wrote, "Cancer affecting the brain is common in older dogs and cats but is rarely seen in younger animals." In one study, the researchers found "The mean age of the cats was 7.9 years within group A (median 8.5) and 9.3 years (median 10) within group B. The cats with lymphoma within both groups were significantly younger than cats with meningioma."

Now I’m not saying that dogpeople’s cat didn’t have a brain tumor (particularly if lymphoma was to blame), just that her age really stands out as being unusual. I wonder if she was suffering from an immunosuppressive disease like feline leukemia virus (FELV) or feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). These diseases may cause young cats to develop tumors, particularly in the case of FELV, which can "hide out" in the neurologic system or bone marrow, making routine tests come back negative even when a cat is infected.

Other diseases can mimic the symptoms of a brain tumor in cats. This is what Linda Shell, DVM, DACVIM Neurology has to say on the matter in the Veterinary Information Network’s Associate entry on Intracranial Neoplasia:

 

Differential diagnoses for cerebral type of signs are as follows: Ischemic encephalopathy can occur in age of cat and always has a sudden onset and usually asymmetrical signs as described above. Fungal granuloma is not as common as brain neoplasia but could have either a sudden or slow onset and may have asymmetric signs. Cryptococcus is the most common fungal disease to affect the brain of cats and it often causes a generalized encephalomyelomeningitis. Cerebral hemorrhage has a sudden onset of clinical signs and may be associated with bleeding at other sites or signs of systemic illness. The most common infectious organism affecting cats is feline infectious peritonitis virus and it may cause either a slow or sudden onset in clinical signs; often times the serum globulins are elevated and there are signs of systemic illness. Metabolic encephalopathies should be considered in the older, as well as the younger, cat that presents with cerebral signs and can often be ruled in/out with a hemogram, chemistry profile, urinalysis, and bile acid testing. Metabolic problems do not usually cause asymmetric deficits on the neurologic examination.

 

Frankly, reaching a definitive diagnosis is often a moot point. When I see a patient with significant neurological deficits that can be localized to the brain, and the cat’s condition deteriorates dramatically and rapidly, I tell the owners that even though I may not be able to tell them exactly what is going on without extensive testing, I can say that it is REALLY BAD. Medically treating diseases of the brain is difficult (a lot of drugs have difficulty getting past the blood-brain barrier), and surgery is expensive and often comes with a guarded prognosis (the exception to this rule is a meningioma — some of those cats do really well after surgery).

So, dogpeople, I think your decision to euthanize was totally reasonable. In my opinion, whatever was going on was unlikely to get better no matter what diagnostic/treatment protocol you embarked on, and your cat was obviously suffering. But no words can alleviate your anguish at having to come to the same conclusion.

For an excellent and extremely detailed look at brain tumors in cats, I refer you to the Veterinary Society for Surgical Oncology.

 

 

Dr. Jennifer Coates

 

 

Image: nando viciano / via Shutterstock

 

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COMMENTS (4)
1
Neurological Problems
by TheOldBroad on 10/09/2012 07:20am


Some years back my Emma Jean had "episodes" where she cried and walked the perimeter of rooms with her side touching the wall. If she attempted to eat, her mouth would miss the treat by a couple of inches. I could tell she wasn't quite there and was confused. She'd come out of it after 3 or 4 hours.

The regular vet and internist both said she didn't have a "post-seizure look". She was diabetic, but her blood sugar wasn't extremely high or low.

After all her other problems got the best of her, I asked about a necropsy, but the vet said it probably wouldn't provide any answers.

by Pam Hamberger Sarris on 10/09/2012 09:25am

Back in 2008, I had to euthanize my 22 year old cat, Storm for much the same situation. He would walk along the walls for hours on end until he dropped from exhaustion. He'd cry the entire time. Vet couldn't find anything wrong with him and oddly enough, one pupil had 'blown' no longer round but instead one day it was rectangular and the episodes of wall walking began. It broke my heart because he and my youngest son had literally grown up together. My vet finally said Storm had alzhiemers and that was when we made the decision. Poor mister had no quality of life left. He didn't run into anything, just walked along and if something was in his way, he couldn't find his way out of nor around it and would lay and cry.

2
thank you Dr. Coates
by dogpeople on 11/21/2012 01:14pm

In follow up on this article, many thanks for your kind and thoughtful essay. Our cat was indeed FIV positive, but for years we wondered if it was a vaccine positive because her ear was tipped also.
She was estimated (after the fact by the neurologist on call) to be 6 years old.
I wanted to let you know she did have a 'pre-existing condition' ..FIV...that may have been a piece of the brain disease.
We have since adopted another FIV+ kitty, but we still miss our beautiful Sophia.

3
Feline Brain Disease
by Jack Gfeller on 01/03/2013 02:56pm

GOD Bless you, your family, and pets with good health and happiness. 3 years ago, Ashes was bitten by a opossum. He was taken to an Animal emergency where he got his shots for rabies, and stayed a few days to recover. He came home with a hole in the side of his right cheek which was later sutured shut. He got well soon, after he came back home, when I noticed a large lump underneath his chest. Thinking the lump was due to the effect of the bite and wasn't brought up by the Vet staff, I let it go. He had no discomfort from the lump. Around 2 and a half years later, Ashes started vomiting his food. He started sneezing. He would not stop sneezing and had a runny nose. He caught fever soon after and was sick. He started vomiting without eating and pacing to no ends crying all the time. I tried to keep him comfortable and hydrated, for he stopped eating. He only begged to go outside of the house, which I would not let. He would walk into the closet and try to get into tight places. Ashes started to get weaker and stopped getting into high places. He would not drink water or eat and was losing weight. He would not play. He wouldn't groom his coat. He would pace around and stumble over things and walk into his plate of food. He would jump in and out of his cat box for no good reason. I noticed one ear had lost hearing, and he was no longer able to judge distances. I took the time to think about his sickness. I told myself if Ashes was terminal. I would have to let him go. On 01-01-2013 I took Ashes to Eagle Rock Veterinary Hospital, where I waited to see if Ashes could just be a little sick or was terminal. The news came back badly. Ashes had gone blind and couldn't hear from the left part of his ear due to Brain Disease he had developed some how. The night before, I said my good bye to him all night. Naming his Mother and family cats. While I was already getting ready for us to part, I noticed the lump was no longer their. It must have been something Ashes contracted after the bite 3 years before and moved from one part of the body into his right part of the brain which was no longer curable. I was with him while he was on the Vet table. My heart beating fast and Ashes purring, he stopped purring and was pronounced deceased. While our last moments where very difficult for me, as my heart pounded out my chest with tears in my watery eyes', the only thing I thought about was holding him for the first time as a baby kitten. Naming him "Ashes 2 Ashes Dust 2 Dust" for good luck, and all the happiest and bad times we shared together which will last a lifetime. My last words to Ashes was "See you in 100 years Papa!"

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About fully vetted

Jennifer Coates, DVM

Photo of Dr Coates

Image credit: Jim Piraino

...graduated with honors from the Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine in 1999. In the years since, she has practiced veterinary medicine in Virginia, Wyoming, and Colorado. She is the author of several books about veterinary medicine and animal care, including the Dictionary of Veterinary Terms: Vet-Speak Deciphered for the Non-Veterinarian. Dr. Coates also writes short stories that focus on the strength and importance of the human-animal bond, and freelance articles relating to a variety of animal care and veterinary topics. Dr. Coates lives in Fort Collins, Colorado with her husband, daughter, and various species of pets.

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